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Category Archives: SE

Oracle 12.2, new release … new editions or just a cloudy feature ?

1 Comment Posted by Laurent on December 1, 2016

Recently I have created an Oracle 12.2 database in the Oracle Cloud (Extreme Performance). I was able to test some of the new features.

And usually, when I test a new release of Oracle, I have a look into the ins_rdbms.mk file to see if there are some new options to link the Oracle kernel, and in this release I found some interesting stuff.

As I said before, my instance was in the Extreme Performance, it was normal that, when connected, I got this banner:

Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c EE Extreme Perf Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

And when I had a look to the V$INSTANCE view, there’s a column EDITION. This column is already here in 12.1 and is documented.

If you have a closer look to the documentation (12.1), you can see different editions:

CORE EE: CORE Enterprise Edition
CORE SE: CORE Standard Edition
EE: Enterprise Edition
PO: Personal Edition
SE: Standard Edition
XE: Express Edition

Ok for EE, PO, SE and XE … they are well known edition, but what about those “Core” Editions (Standard and Enterprise).

Note: on 1st December, 12.2 documentation mention only Core EE, EE, PO and XE (Might be a doc bug)

I had a look to both (12.1 and 12.2) ins_rdbms.mk files (located in $ORACLE_HOME/lib folder). For On premises installations (11.2 & 12.1), no trace of these new editions, but they are available on Oracle Cloud Platform

Oracle 12.1.0.2

$ grep -i edi /u01/app/oracle/product/12.1.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk
edition_corestandard:
        $(SILENT)$(ECHO) "Deploying Oracle Database Core Standard Edition"
edition_coreenterprise:
        $(SILENT)$(ECHO) "Deploying Oracle Database Core Enterprise Edition"
edition_standard:
        $(SILENT)$(ECHO) "Deploying Oracle Database Standard Edition"
edition_enterprise:
        $(SILENT)$(ECHO) "Deploying Oracle Database Enterprise Edition"
edition_highperf:
        $(SILENT)$(ECHO) "Deploying Oracle Database Enterprise Edition High Performance"
edition_extremeperf:
        $(SILENT)$(ECHO) "Deploying Oracle Database Enterprise Edition Extreme Performance"

Oracle 12.2.0.1

$ grep -i edi /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ins_rdbms.mk
edition_corestandard:
        $(SILENT)$(ECHO) "Deploying Oracle Database Core Standard Edition"
edition_coreenterprise:
        $(SILENT)$(ECHO) "Deploying Oracle Database Core Enterprise Edition"
edition_standard:
        $(SILENT)$(ECHO) "Deploying Oracle Database Standard Edition"
edition_enterprise:
        $(SILENT)$(ECHO) "Deploying Oracle Database Enterprise Edition"
edition_highperf:
        $(SILENT)$(ECHO) "Deploying Oracle Database Enterprise Edition High Performance"
edition_extremeperf:
        $(SILENT)$(ECHO) "Deploying Oracle Database Enterprise Edition Extreme Performance"

ohoohhh ;), let’s try to activate those rules and relink the kernel

$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk edition_coreenterprise ioracle
Deploying Oracle Database Core Enterprise Edition
mv -f /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libvsn12.a /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libvsn12_backup.a.dbl
cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libvsn12_cee.a.dbl /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libvsn12.a
chmod 755 /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin

 - Linking Oracle
rm -f /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/oracle
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/orald  -o /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/oracle -m64 -z noexecstack -Wl,--disable-new-dtags -L/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ -L/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/ -L/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/stubs/   
-Wl,-E /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/opimai.o /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ssoraed.o /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/ttcsoi.o -Wl,--whole-archive -lperfsrv12 -Wl,--no-whole-archive /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/nautab.o 
/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/naeet.o /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/naect.o /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/naedhs.o /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/config.o  
-ldmext -lserver12 -lodm12 -lofs -lcell12 -lnnet12 -lskgxp12 -lsnls12 -lnls12  -lcore12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lcore12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lxml12 -lcore12 -lunls12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lcore12 -lnls12 -lclient12  -lvsn12 -lcommon12 
-lgeneric12 -lknlopt `if /usr/bin/ar tv /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/libknlopt.a | grep xsyeolap.o > /dev/null 2>&1 ; then echo "-loraolap12" ; fi` -lskjcx12 -lslax12 -lpls12  -lrt -lplp12 
-ldmext -lserver12 -lclient12  -lvsn12 -lcommon12 -lgeneric12 `if [ -f /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libavserver12.a ] ; then echo "-lavserver12" ; else echo "-lavstub12"; fi`
 `if [ -f /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libavclient12.a ] ; then echo "-lavclient12" ; fi` -lknlopt -lslax12 -lpls12  -lrt -lplp12 -ljavavm12 -lserver12  -lwwg  `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/ldflags` 
   -lncrypt12 -lnsgr12 -lnzjs12 -ln12 -lnl12 -lngsmshd12 -lnro12 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/ldflags`    -lncrypt12 -lnsgr12 -lnzjs12 -ln12 -lnl12 -lngsmshd12 -lnnzst12 -lzt12 -lztkg12 -lmm -lsnls12 -lnls12  -lcore12
 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lcore12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lxml12 -lcore12 -lunls12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lcore12 -lnls12 -lztkg12 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/ldflags`    -lncrypt12 -lnsgr12 -lnzjs12 -ln12 -lnl12 -lngsmshd12 -lnro12
 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/ldflags`    -lncrypt12 -lnsgr12 -lnzjs12 -ln12 -lnl12 -lngsmshd12 -lnnzst12 -lzt12 -lztkg12   -lsnls12 -lnls12  -lcore12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lcore12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lxml12 -lcore12 -lunls12
 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lcore12 -lnls12 `if /usr/bin/ar tv /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/libknlopt.a | grep "kxmnsd.o" > /dev/null 2>&1 ; then echo " " ; else echo "-lordsdo12 -lserver12"; fi` 
-L/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/ctx/lib/ -lctxc12 -lctx12 -lzx12 -lgx12 -lctx12 -lzx12 -lgx12 -lordimt12 -lclsra12 -ldbcfg12 -lhasgen12 -lskgxn2 -lnnzst12 -lzt12 -lxml12 -lgeneric12 -locr12 -locrb12 -locrutl12 -lhasgen12
 -lskgxn2 -lnnzst12 -lzt12 -lxml12 -lgeneric12  -lgeneric12 -lorazip -loraz -llzopro5 -lorabz2 -lipp_z -lipp_bz2 -lippdcemerged -lippsemerged -lippdcmerged  -lippsmerged -lippcore  -lippcpemerged -lippcpmerged  -lsnls12 -lnls12  -lcore12 
-lsnls12 -lnls12 -lcore12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lxml12 -lcore12 -lunls12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lcore12 -lnls12 -lsnls12 -lunls12  -lsnls12 -lnls12  -lcore12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lcore12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 -lxml12 -lcore12 -lunls12 -lsnls12 -lnls12 
-lcore12 -lnls12 -lasmclnt12 -lcommon12 -lcore12  -laio -lons  -lfthread12   `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/sysliblist` -Wl,-rpath,/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib -lm   
 `cat /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/sysliblist` -ldl -lm   -L/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib `test -x /usr/bin/hugeedit -a -r /usr/lib64/libhugetlbfs.so && 
test -r /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/shugetlbfs.o && echo -Wl,-zcommon-page-size=2097152 -Wl,-zmax-page-size=2097152 -lhugetlbfs`
test ! -f /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracle || (\
           mv -f /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracle /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracleO &&\
           chmod 600 /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracleO )
mv /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/rdbms/lib/oracle /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracle
chmod 6751 /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/oracle

That seems to work, now let’s start the instance and let’s connect:

$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Mon Nov 28 16:41:28 2016

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition - Core 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production

New banner … but are there any new features ?

If we compare EE Core edition and EE Extreme perf, it seems there are some difference in the field of enabled options:

EE Core Edition (12.2)

SQL> select parameter,value from v$option where value!='TRUE' order by 1;

PARAMETER                      VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
ASM Proxy Instance             FALSE *
Active Data Guard              FALSE
Adaptive Execution Plans       FALSE
Advanced Analytics             FALSE
Automatic Storage Management   FALSE *
Cache Fusion Lock Accelerator  FALSE
Change Data Capture            FALSE
DICOM                          FALSE
Data Mining                    FALSE
Exadata Discovery              FALSE
Global Data Services           FALSE
I/O Server                     FALSE * 
Management Database            FALSE *
OLAP                           FALSE
Oracle Data Guard              FALSE
Oracle Database Vault          FALSE *
Oracle Label Security          FALSE *
Partitioning                   FALSE
Real Application Clusters      FALSE *
Real Application Security      FALSE
Real Application Testing       FALSE
Spatial                        FALSE
Unified Auditing               FALSE *

EE Extreme Perf Edition and High Perf Edition (12.2)

SQL> select parameter,value from v$option where value!='TRUE' order by 1;

PARAMETER                      VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
ASM Proxy Instance             FALSE
Automatic Storage Management   FALSE
I/O Server                     FALSE
Management Database            FALSE
Oracle Database Vault          FALSE
Oracle Label Security          FALSE
Real Application Clusters      FALSE
Unified Auditing               FALSE

And if we have a look to “traditional” EE that we can choose from the Cloud Interface … (12.2)

SQL> select parameter,value from v$option where value!='TRUE' order by 1;

PARAMETER                      VALUE
------------------------------ ----------------------------------------
ASM Proxy Instance             FALSE
Automatic Storage Management   FALSE
I/O Server                     FALSE
Management Database            FALSE
Oracle Database Vault          FALSE
Oracle Label Security          FALSE
Real Application Clusters      FALSE
Unified Auditing               FALSE

OK, so Enterprise Core Edition and Enterprise Edition look differents in terms of available options. And like Franck Pachot pointed it out, the Core EE is like a traditional EE but with all paid options disabled and other EE features disabled (DataGuard for example).

On the field of licensing, these Core editions seem to be unavailable. If you buy Oracle License, on-premises or in the cloud, you only have the choice between SE, EE and EE High Perf and EE Extreme perf (in the cloud for HP and XP), no Core Editions.

If we go back to ins_rdbms.mk file, it’s possible to link these editions only in Oracle Cloud Service for 12.1 and 12.2, but Oracle Enterprise Edition 12.2 is impossible to link (because of missing libraries), but if Core Edition is a core based license model, Core Edition and Actual Enterprise Edition are licensed per core not per socket, no difference on this field:

$ make -f ins_rdbms.mk edition_enterprise ioracle
Deploying Oracle Database Enterprise Edition
mv -f /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libvsn12.a /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libvsn12_backup.a.dbl
cp /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libvsn12_ee.a.dbl /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libvsn12.a
cp: cannot stat `/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/lib/libvsn12_ee.a.dbl': No such file or directory
make: *** [edition_enterprise] Error 1

Oracle Standard Edition and Standard Core Edition are both able to be linked.

As a conclusion, the “Core” Edition could be :

A new licensing model for Cloud and On Premises platform and will be released later. As a consequence, a new licensing model will appear for Standard Edition, not per Socket, but per Core like EE (the Socket model would be abandoned ?)
A new licensing model for Cloud platform … only
A bug ?

The future will tell us 😉

12c, Cloud, licensing, Oracle, SE

Active Average Session trending in Statspack

Leave a comment Posted by Laurent on November 6, 2015

Active Average Session (AAS) is one of the first statistic you have to look when you analyze a performance issue.

In Oracle Standard Edition (or Enterprise Edition without Diagnostic pack), you cannot query V$ACTIVE_SESSION_HISTORY and DBA_HIST_ACTIVE_SESS_HISTORY views, nor execute ashrpt script.

If you have installed statspack and if you take snapshots, you can find Active Average Session between 2 snapshots.

AAS is calculated with the formula : DB Time / elapsed time. So, if you have recorded a db time of 300 seconds in 900 seconds (elapsed time between two snapshots), AAS is 0,33.

So it’s easy to calculate AAS between two snapshot, but the most important thing is to have AAS trending during a period.

To do that, I wrote a small PL/SQL function based on SYS_TIME_MODEL_DIF function available in STATSPACK package definition (in spcpkg.sql script).

create or replace function SYS_TIME_MODEL_DIF(i_name varchar2, bid number, eid number, db_ident number, inst_num number) RETURN number is

/* Returns the difference between statistics for the Time Model statistic
   name specified for the interval between the begin and end
   snapshot id's (bid, eid)

   In the case the data being queried is from a prior release
   which did not have the statistic requested, this function
   returns 0.
*/

beg_val_missing   boolean := false;
end_val_missing   boolean := false;
bval           number;
eval           number;

cursor SY (i_snap_id number) is
select value
  from stats$sys_time_model      stm
     , stats$time_model_statname tms
where stm.snap_id         = i_snap_id
   and stm.dbid            = db_ident
   and stm.instance_number = inst_num
   and stm.stat_id         = tms.stat_id
   and tms.stat_name       = i_name;

begin
   /* Get start value */
   open SY (bid); fetch SY into bval;
   if SY%notfound then
      beg_val_missing := true;
   end if; close SY;

   /* Get end value */
   open SY (eid); fetch SY into eval;
   if SY%notfound then
      end_val_missing := true;
   end if; close SY;

   if     beg_val_missing = true
      and end_val_missing = true      then

         /* this is likely a newer statitic which did not exist for this database version    */
        return 0;

   elsif     beg_val_missing = true
         and end_val_missing = false  then
         return -1;
   elsif     beg_val_missing = false
         and end_val_missing = true   then
         return -1;
   else

        /* Return difference */
        return eval - bval;

   end if;

end SYS_TIME_MODEL_DIF;
/

When this function has been created, you can call it to get Db time (or any value in the time model) between two snapshots (identified by their snapshot_id : bid (begin id) and eid (end id)) , for example :

SQL> select SYS_TIME_MODEL_DIF('DB time',791,792,1386309985,1) from dual;

SYS_TIME_MODEL_DIF('DBTIME',791,792,1386309985,1)
-------------------------------------------------
 10245630292

SQL> select SYS_TIME_MODEL_DIF('DB CPU',791,792,1386309985,1) from dual;

SYS_TIME_MODEL_DIF('DBCPU',791,792,1386309985,1)
------------------------------------------------
 3698356113

SQL> select SYS_TIME_MODEL_DIF('parse time elapsed',791,792,1386309985,1) from dual;

SYS_TIME_MODEL_DIF('PARSETIMEELAPSED',791,792,1386309985,1)
-----------------------------------------------------------
 211981805

Note that time is given in microseconds.

Next step, I wrote an anonymous PL/SQL script that executes this function accross all the snapshots taken between two snap_id and prints DB Time, DB CPU, and AAS in CSV format (you can adapt this script to adapt your output format):

declare
 -- Constants
 usec_to_sec number := 1000000;
 day_to_sec number := 86400;
 db_id number := &dbid;
 --
 dbtim number;
 dbcpu number;
 cursor SN_tim(sn_id number) is select snap_time from stats$snapshot where snap_id=sn_id;
 cursor snaps(sn1 number, sn2 number) is select snap_id from stats$snapshot where snap_id between sn1 and sn2 order by snap_id;
 b_time date;
 e_time date;
 bid number;
 eid number;
 cur_nf number;
begin
dbms_output.put_line('BEGIN_TIME;END_TIME;DBTIME;DBCPU;AAS');
open snaps(&start,&end);
loop
fetch snaps into bid;
exit when snaps%notfound;
 cur_nf := 0;
 fetch snaps into eid;

 open SN_tim(bid); fetch SN_tim into b_time;
 if SN_tim%notfound then
 cur_nf := 1;
 end if;
 close SN_tim;

 open SN_tim(eid); fetch SN_tim into e_time;
 if SN_tim%notfound then
 cur_nf := 1;
 end if;
 close SN_tim;

 dbtim := SYS_TIME_MODEL_DIF('DB time',bid,eid,db_id,1);
 dbcpu := SYS_TIME_MODEL_DIF('DB CPU',bid,eid,db_id,1);
 if ((dbtim>0 or dbcpu>0) and cur_nf = 0) then
 dbms_output.put_line(b_time||';'||e_time||';'||round(dbtim/usec_to_sec,2) ||';'||round(dbcpu/usec_to_sec,2) ||';'|| round((dbtim/usec_to_sec) / ((e_time-b_time)*day_to_sec),2) );
 else
 dbms_output.put_line(b_time||';'||e_time||';N/A;N/A' );
 end if;
end loop;
end;

Then you can graph it in Excel or Tableau (for example) and you will get the AAS trend:

Oracle, SE, Statspack, tuning

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The views expressed on this blog are my own and do not reflect the views of the company(ies) I work (or have worked for) neither Oracle Corporation. The opinions expressed by visitors on this blog are theirs, not mine.

The information in this blog is written based on personal experiences. You are free to use the information on this blog but I am not responsible and will not compensate to you if you ever happen to suffer a loss/inconvenience/damage because of/while making use of this information.

Data … as usual

Category Archives: SE

Oracle 12.2, new release … new editions or just a cloudy feature ?

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