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Monthly Archives: October 2013

Step by step Solaris 11.1 installation guide on a virtual box VM (x86-64)

Leave a comment Posted by on October 17, 2013

Solaris is an OS with many tools like dtrace. In my case, I installed it because I would like to test Oracle 12c and solaris specific views that detect long IO operation: V$KERNEL_IO_OUTLIER.

First of all, you need to download the installation medium which is available at https://edelivery.oracle.com. You need to download the Interactive text install medium :

S11_00

Next, you have to create a new VM. This can be done by following steps below:

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S11_02

S11_03

S11_04

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Ok, the VM is created, now let’s configure it by attaching the S11.1 installation media, and adding a network adapter (I will add a another NIC later for my LAN access) :

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And boot the VM …

After booting the VM, the installation process will prompt you for many information (keyboard, hostname etc.):

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Select your keyboard layout

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And the language for your installation.

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Select 1 to install Oracle Solaris

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During the installation process, you can go to the next step by pressing F2 and go back by pressing F3. Everything you can do is mentioned on the bottom of the screen :

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In the next screen, I will use the local discovery method because my disk is locally attached.

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Select the discovered disk where you want to install S11 and then press F2.

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In this screen, I choose to use the entire disk for my installation. You can select another partition by selecting “Use a GPT partition of the disk”.

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Enter the computer name (short name), and choose how you want to configure your network. I decided to configure my network automatically (DHCP).

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No alternative naming service.

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Ok, now it’s time to configure time related information, first of all … Time zone

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Ok timezone set.

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next, set date and time.

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Set the root password and eventually, create a user account.

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No need to register your system … it’s a VM

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Next screen is to configure the method to access oracle servers for OCM and Automatic SR features. Here it doesn’t make sense.

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Review your configuration and press F2 to install.

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Install in progress …

At the end of the process, you have to reboot your VM by pressing F8. In my case, instead of rebooting the server, I shut it down and took the time to detach the installation medium and to configure another Network adapter plugged into my LAN.

S11_28

Now I can boot my VM … I’m ready to configure it.

To configure network, I used the same method I described in this blog post : https://laurent-leturgez.com/2012/08/01/build-a-basic-network-configuration-on-solaris-11/

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Net1/v4 has to be configured S11_30

Link is up,so we can configure this NIC.

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As we configured DHCP client on a NAT Virtualbox NIC, we retrieved DNS information:

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Now I can access to my VM from a putty client. But root access is disabled by default in sshd config. So you have to modify the sshd config  and restart the daemon

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Next thing I recommend to configure is the package repository. By default, if you have an internet access configured to your machine (which is my case because of my NATted network adapter), you don’t have to configure anything because your default repository is already configured to access Oracle remote repository.

root@S11:~# pkg publisher
PUBLISHER                   TYPE     STATUS P LOCATION
solaris                     origin   online F http://pkg.oracle.com/solaris/release/

root@S11:~# pkg publisher solaris

            Publisher: solaris
                Alias:
           Origin URI: http://pkg.oracle.com/solaris/release/
              SSL Key: None
             SSL Cert: None
          Client UUID: ddee2130-0292-11e2-b9e5-80144f013e20
      Catalog Updated: November  9, 2011 03:34:27 PM
              Enabled: Yes

If you want to configure other repositories (for example local repo), you can follow instructions at this link : http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E23824_01/html/E21802/publisher-config.html

Maybe you will need to install basic XWindow libraries (for example, if you want to export a display to your local X Server). If your repository is configured, you can execute the commands below:

root@S11:~# pkg install SUNWarc SUNWbtool SUNWhea SUNWlibms SUNWmfrun SUNWxorg-client-programs SUNWxorg-clientlibs SUNWxwfsw pkg://solaris/SUNWxwplt truetype/fonts-core
           Packages to install: 65
       Create boot environment: No
Create backup boot environment: No
            Services to change:  5

DOWNLOAD                                PKGS         FILES    XFER (MB)   SPEED
Completed                              65/65     5045/5045    40.9/40.9  280k/s

PHASE                                          ITEMS
Installing new actions                     6797/6797
Updating package state database                 Done
Updating image state                            Done
Creating fast lookup database                   Done

Then logoff and re-login, you can now export your display and launch X Programs:

$ ssh root@192.168.99.130
Last login: Wed Oct 16 14:14:47 2013 from 192.168.99.1
Oracle Corporation      SunOS 5.11      11.1    September 2012
root@S11:~# echo $DISPLAY
localhost:10.0
root@S11:~# xlogo

To conclude this installation, if you want to configure a complete Desktop Manager, you have to install the slim_install package which deploys 315 packages to your system … so it can take a while.

root@S11:~# pkg install slim_install
           Packages to install: 315
       Create boot environment:  No
Create backup boot environment: Yes
            Services to change:  13

DOWNLOAD                                PKGS         FILES    XFER (MB)   SPEED
Completed                            315/315   50633/50633  524.2/524.2  259k/s

PHASE                                          ITEMS
Installing new actions                   81666/81666
Updating package state database                 Done
Updating image state                            Done
Creating fast lookup database                   Done

Reboot your machine and you will display a nice Desktop manager environment:

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This step by step guide is available at this address : http://www.slideshare.net/lolo115/install-solat

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Oracle, Solaris 11, VirtualBox

Oracle extra cost options licensing on multitenant databases

Leave a comment Posted by on October 9, 2013
Oracle database 12c has been announced few weeks ago with its main feature: multitenant database. This feature is build to consolidate many databases (aka. pluggable databases or PDB) into a unique container database (CDB).
Multitenancy is an extra cost option for the Enterprise Edition if you use more than one pdb in your container. But if you want to consolidate, you probably want to consolidate all the options you bought before for many servers.
In Oracle server, each usage of a specific feature you made is recorded in a dictionary table and can be accessed through the view: DBA_FEATURE_USAGE_STATISTICS.
In a Standard Edition database, features of the Enterprise Edition are tracked. If you want to use an extra cost option, you will probably raise an ORA-00439 (Feature not enabled):
SQL> SELECT * FROM PRODUCT_COMPONENT_VERSION;

PRODUCT              VERSION              STATUS
-------------------- -------------------- --------------------
NLSRTL               12.1.0.1.0           Production
Oracle Database 12c  12.1.0.1.0           64bit Production
PL/SQL               12.1.0.1.0           Production
TNS for Linux:       12.1.0.1.0           Production
We are working on a Standard Edition.
SQL> select NAME,DETECTED_USAGES,CURRENTLY_USED,LAST_USAGE_DATE
  2  from dba_feature_usage_statistics
  3  where name in ('Segment Shrink')
  4  /
NAME                                               DETECTED_USAGES CURRE LAST_USAGE_DATE
-------------------------------------------------- --------------- ----- -------------------
Segment Shrink                                                   0 FALSE

SQL> alter table t shrink space;
Table altered.
SQL> exec dbms_feature_usage_internal.sample_one_feature('Segment Shrink');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

SQL> select NAME,DETECTED_USAGES,CURRENTLY_USED,LAST_USAGE_DATE
   2  from dba_feature_usage_statistics
   3  where name in ('Segment Shrink')
   4  /

NAME                                               DETECTED_USAGES CURRE LAST_USAGE_DATE
 -------------------------------------------------- --------------- ----- -------------------
 Segment Shrink                                                   1 TRUE  2013-10-09 20:46:22
SQL> BEGIN
  2   DBMS_PRIVILEGE_CAPTURE.CREATE_CAPTURE(
  3    name          => 'public_privs_capture',
  4    description   => 'Captures privilege use by PUBLIC',
  5    type          => DBMS_PRIVILEGE_CAPTURE.G_ROLE,
  6    roles         => role_name_list('public')
  7  );
  8  end;
  9  /
BEGIN
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00439: feature not enabled: Privilege Analysis
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_PRIVILEGE_CAPTURE", line 3
ORA-06512: at line 2
Notice that I used dbms_feature_usage_internal.sample_one_feature to force the update of feature usage data (They are normally updated every 7 days).
In an Enterprise Edition database, the behaviour is similar but only extra cost options usages are recorded, features included in the Edition are not (for example, Segment Shrink will stay at 0).
Now let’s see how it’s recorded in a multitenant database. In my case, I have a container database (ORACLE_SID=cdb) which hosts 10 pluggable databases. Those PDBs have been consolidated from many databases hosted on dedicated servers. As we bought database vault option for the database consolidated into PDB10 (for example), we would like to use Privilege analysis function (included in database vault option).
Let’s check how it works in the PDB10:
idle> connect sys/oracle@oel63:1521/pdb10 as sysdba
Connected.

[SYS@PDB10 | SID:CDB]> BEGIN
  2    DBMS_PRIVILEGE_CAPTURE.CREATE_CAPTURE(
  3     name          => 'public_privs_capture',
  4     description   => 'Captures privilege use by PUBLIC',
  5     type          => DBMS_PRIVILEGE_CAPTURE.G_ROLE,
  6     roles         => role_name_list('public')
  7     );
  8  END;
  9  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

[SYS@PDB10 | SID:CDB]> EXEC DBMS_PRIVILEGE_CAPTURE.ENABLE_CAPTURE ('public_privs_capture');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

[SYS@PDB10 | SID:CDB]> exec dbms_feature_usage_internal.sample_one_feature('Privilege Capture');
BEGIN dbms_feature_usage_internal.sample_one_feature('Privilege Capture'); END;

*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-20009: Unknown Feature
ORA-06512: at "SYS.DBMS_FEATURE_USAGE_INTERNAL", line 614
ORA-06512: at line 1
Well it seems that we cannot call this package in a PDB. So we will do it the CDB$ROOT and check DBA_FEATURE_USAGE_STATISTICS (in the PDB) and CDB_FEATURE_USAGE_STATISTICS (in the CDB$ROOT).
[SYS@CDB$ROOT | SID:CDB]> select con_id,NAME,DETECTED_USAGES,CURRENTLY_USED,LAST_USAGE_DATE
  2  from cdb_feature_usage_statistics
  3  where name in ('Privilege Capture')
  4  order by 1;

    CON_ID NAME                                               DETECTED_USAGES CURRE LAST_USAGE_DATE
---------- -------------------------------------------------- --------------- ----- -------------------
         1 Privilege Capture                                                1 FALSE 2013-10-09 21:59:40
         2 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
         3 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
         4 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
         5 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
         6 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
         7 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
         8 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
         9 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
        10 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
        11 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
        12 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE

12 rows selected.

[SYS@CDB$ROOT | SID:CDB]> connect sys/oracle@oel63:1521/pdb10 as sysdba
Connected.
[SYS@PDB10 | SID:CDB]> select NAME,DETECTED_USAGES,CURRENTLY_USED,LAST_USAGE_DATE
  2  from dba_feature_usage_statistics
  3  where name in ('Privilege Capture')
  4  /

NAME                                               DETECTED_USAGES CURRE LAST_USAG
-------------------------------------------------- --------------- ----- ---------
Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
We have the proof that feature usage is recorded in the root container and licensing is logically done at the CDB$ROOT level.
If I bought database vault option in my 11g database for 2 CPUs, and now my multitenant is located on a strong server with 24 CPUs, I have to buy 22CPUs of this option, even if it run on a single. On the other side, you can use the option and all of its features in all your PDBs even you don’t need it 😉
To proove it, I will reproduce the same steps in another PDB (the PDB4 for example), and we will see that usage is recorded in the CDB.
idle> connect sys/oracle@oel63:1521/pdb4 as sysdba
Connected.
[SYS@PDB4 | SID:CDB]> BEGIN
  2    DBMS_PRIVILEGE_CAPTURE.CREATE_CAPTURE(
  3     name          => 'public_privs_capture',
  4     description   => 'Captures privilege use by PUBLIC',
  5     type          => DBMS_PRIVILEGE_CAPTURE.G_ROLE,
  6     roles         => role_name_list('public')
  7     );
  8  END;
  9  /

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

[SYS@PDB4 | SID:CDB]> EXEC DBMS_PRIVILEGE_CAPTURE.ENABLE_CAPTURE ('public_privs_capture');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

[SYS@PDB4 | SID:CDB]> connect sys/oracle as sysdba
Connected.
[SYS@CDB$ROOT | SID:CDB]> exec dbms_feature_usage_internal.sample_one_feature('Privilege Capture');

PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

[SYS@CDB$ROOT | SID:CDB]> alter session set nls_date_format='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';

Session altered.

[SYS@CDB$ROOT | SID:CDB]> set lines 500
[SYS@CDB$ROOT | SID:CDB]> set pages 500
[SYS@CDB$ROOT | SID:CDB]> select con_id,NAME,DETECTED_USAGES,CURRENTLY_USED,LAST_USAGE_DATE
  2  from cdb_feature_usage_statistics
  3  where name in ('Privilege Capture')
  4  order by 1;

    CON_ID NAME                                               DETECTED_USAGES CURRE LAST_USAGE_DATE
---------- -------------------------------------------------- --------------- ----- -------------------
         1 Privilege Capture                                                2 TRUE  2013-10-09 22:11:37
         2 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
         3 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
         4 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
         5 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
         6 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
         7 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
         8 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
         9 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
        10 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
        11 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE
        12 Privilege Capture                                                0 FALSE

12 rows selected.
If you plan to implement multitenant database, you have to be clever and think about options you bought and how you will implement them into your consolidated databases.
12c, Administration, licensing, multitenant, Oracle , , ,

How Oracle 11.2 clusterware starts, find voting file and ASM SPfile

Leave a comment Posted by on October 3, 2013

On a recent discussion on linkedin RACSIG page, Jim Williams explained how ASM SPFILE and Voting files are discovered during OHASD startup phase.

With one of my colleague (Pierre Labrousse), we have built a little video which explain this.

You can see this video here :

11g, ASM / ADVM, Oracle, RAC